THE HEALTH BENEFITS OF
MAN'S BEST FRIEND
They are funny, uplifting and sometimes seem to understand us in a way no other human can. Science is continuing to prove that the animals in our lives offer us much more than companionship. Simply by sharing our homes, pets can help ease our distress and protect us from allergies. Specially trained dogs can even sniff out developing diseases and warn us away from foods we should not eat. Here is a list of ways in which having a dog around can affect your health for the better.
GET STRESS-FREE SMILES
Having a dog to come home to at the end of a long day is proven to reduce stress and lower blood pressure.
As early as 2001, scientists realized that patients who owned dogs seemed to maintain lower blood pressure during times of mental stress as patients without dogs. Playing or petting a dog increases the levels of the happiness hormone oxytocin and decreases the levels of cortisol, which is responsible for feelings of stress thereby leading to a happier mood.
Ask any dog owner whether their dog makes them feel better and you will always get the same answer. More intelligent animals, such as dogs, spot changes in their human companion's emotional state and body language. A good cuddle will easily make you feel less anxious.
LOVE YOUR PET, LOVE YOURSELF
Our pets make us feel better about ourselves. Dog owners are found to exhibit a number of improved psychological states that may help ease and prevent anxiety. This includes better self-esteem, less fearfulness and greater social support. Linked research identified the ability for pets to provide support and diminish the negativity caused by social rejection.
Especially in the case of people with psychiatric conditions like post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or anxiety disorders, dogs can learn to tell when their human companion is feeling anxious or paranoid.
INTERESTING FACTS
More than 71 million American households (62%) have at least one pet - a figure that is on the rise.
Even hardened criminals in prison have shown long-term changes in their behavior after interacting with dogs, many of them experiencing mutual affection for the first time.
Dog owners are more resilient to stressful events helping them avoid anxiety-related illnesses.
Pet owners over the age of 56 make fewer visits to their doctors than those without pets.
Pet owners have been found to suffer with less minor illnesses, such as headaches, colds and hay fever.
Even the most highly stressed dog owners see their doctors 21% less than non-dog-owners.
HOW CAN DOGS HELP?
There are dogs out there every day using their natural talents, from their incredible sense of smell to their caring and protective nature which, with extensive training, can be harnessed effectively by the medical or assistance industries.
AUTISM ASSISTANCE DOGS
Autism assistance dogs are trained to provide support to those with autism and allow them to live a more independent life.
A fully trained autism dog can help people suffering with autism by introducing routines, reducing bolting behaviors, interrupting repetitive behaviors and helping a child with autism cope with unfamiliar surroundings.
A long-term study of these service dogs and their owners have demonstrated that there can be a significant increase in pro-social behavior, a decrease in self-absorption, fewer autistic behaviors and more socially appropriate behaviors.
ALZHEIMER DOGS
Ever had a conversation with your pet? You are not the only one!
Animals often seem able to draw people with dementia out of their internal world in a way that carers and other humans cannot. It has been shown that therapy with dogs can increase morale, eating habits and positively affect the overall health in people with Alzheimer's disease. Research at the University of California at Davis concluded that Alzheimer's patients suffer less stress and have fewer anxious outbursts if there is a dog or cat in their home.
These dogs are trained to perform tasks such as reminding their owner to take certain medications and to encourage them to eat, drink and sleep at regular intervals. They help maintain routine which can be crucial for those with dementia as well as encourage them to get out of the house to walk and exercise the dog, thereby increasing social interaction whilst providing silent support.
SEIZURE RESPONSE & ALERT DOGS
Seizure alert and response dogs are trained not only to respond to a seizure but sometimes, where possible, to predict them.
Seizure alert dogs are trained to predict an oncoming seizure and can then alert the owner who is then able to find somewhere that is safe for when it does eventually happen. There is a theory that these dogs can detect a seizure through a number of signals including micro expressions made by the owner, a change in the scent of an owner or sensing a disturbance in the electric field around them which can be caused by a seizure.
A seizure response dog, however, provides a role of safety and comfort for those going through a seizure. The response can range from the dog lying down next to a person having a seizure in order to prevent them injuring themselves if they thrash out, to barking to alert family members.
CANINE HEROES
Dogs have shown us time and time again their benefits, ranging from being entertaining and loving to life changing medical care. Certain dogs have been drawing attention by showing just how far they can go to be man's best friend:
RICOCHET THE SURFING DOG
This very special golden retriever is the world's only SURFice dog. This pup channels her playfulness and patience into therapy by surfing and riding the waves with people who have a variety of disabilities. Her work has led to over $400,000 in donations to human/animal causes and she regularly participates in other therapy work with children or active military members who have suffered injury or PTSD.
CHOPPER THE MOTORCYCLE RIDING DOG
This motorcycle riding Boston Terrier can be found riding on the backseat of his owner, Mark Shaffer's, Harley Davidson doing his duty as a therapy dog. He regularly visits hospitals and nursing homes amongst others bringing smiles all around whilst showing his skill son his own motorized motorbike.
SMILEY THE BLIND THERAPY DOG
Smiley the golden retriever, who was born without eyes, works as a therapy dog with those who have certain disabilities including autism, those experiencing loss and the elderly. He has inspired so many to persevere with his happy attitude and wagging tail. He even helped one man who had never spoken or communicated before smile and make noises for the first time.
NORBERT THE HIGH FIVING THERAPY DOG
Weighing in at only 1.3kg (3lbs), this little mixed breed dog has spread joy by high-fiving his way around nursing homes, hospitals and schools. He is the national mascot for the Children's Melanoma Prevention Foundation's SunAWARE program and has even been featured in his own book entitled 'Norbert: What Can Little Me Do?'
THERAPY AND SERVICE DOGS IN THE MODERN WORLD
Generally speaking, dogs can be classified according to the duties they perform and the training involved. Depending on the duty, they are either a service dog or a therapy dog. Therapy dogs are often people's pets which are brought into treatment centers and nursing homes at regular intervals. Unlike service animals, such as guide dogs, who have to be extensively trained to behave in a certain way, therapy animals simply have to be themselves. Breed, appearance and size does not really matter, only general temperament and health.
Different therapy organizations have slightly varying requirements, but in general, all therapy animals must be patient, relaxed, good-natured and able to respond to basic commands, regardless of distractions. They must be tolerant to sometimes awkward or rough handling by strangers, and confident in the face of other animals and unfamiliar circumstances. The good health of the animals is also paramount.
A BRIEF HISTORY OF PET THERAPY
The first therapeutic use of dogs can be traced back to ancient Greece, when dogs were encouraged to lick the wounds of injured patients.
Animals were brought into homes for the mentally ill. The York Retreat in England, founded in 1796, became known for the domestic animals kept within its grounds. In 1860, England's Bethlehem Hospital also introduced animals to its wards, aiming to raise the morale of patients.
In his later years, the famous psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud became fascinated with dogs, allowing his chow, Jofi, to stay in the room for his client appointments. Freud was convinced that the dog helped calm his patients down and encouraged them to open up.
The American Red Cross deployed dogs to convalescent hospitals following World War II as therapy pets and many were even adopted by recovering soldiers.
Nancy Stanley instigated the rise of therapy animals by setting up a small, non-profit organization that introduced cats, rabbits and birds to severely disabled children and the elderly as she was so impressed by the impact on people of her own dog, Freeway.
More modern times have seen dogs, cats and rabbits deployed to help the victims of Hurricane Katrina recover from the impact of this terrible disaster and its aftermath.
HISTORY OF SERVICE DOGS
In Paris, France, it was well documented that dogs were used to assist the blind and they began to train these dogs using systematic training methods.
Seeing Eye dogs were used by the medical industry in the USA but specialised training for other types of service dogs only began to appear in the 1960's despite a lack of formal organisations or training.
It was the research conducted by Doctor Bonnie Bergin that led to the idea of using dogs for disabilities other than being blind. She researched different breeds of dogs and their temperaments and began to apply her findings into training techniques.
The NEADS organization began to train dogs to perform the duties of a hearing dog by alerting their owners to noises and was one of the first to introduce formal training.
The American with Disabilities Act defined the role of a dog in a service capacity. It was defined as "any guide dog, signal dog, or other animal individually trained to provide assistance to an individual with a disability."
Autism assistance dogs began to appear.
The role of service dogs expanded to include Post Traumatic Stress Disorder dogs for veterans who had suffered military trauma.
It is an ever expanding industry as people continue to realize the benefits that dogs can provide from a mental and physical capacity.
WHICH BREEDS MAKE THE GRADE
THERAPEUTIC VISITATION DOGS
ANIMAL ASSISTED THERAPY DOGS
FACILITY THERAPY DOGS
GUIDE DOGS
HEARING DOGS
PHYSICAL ASSISTANCE DOGS
MEDICAL ASSISTANCE DOGS
Any breed can be a therapy dog so long as they have the right temperament but the most commonly used are:
LABRADOR RETRIEVER
Originating from Newfoundland, this breed is intelligent, friendly and extremely eager to please. Labradors are the most popular breed of dog by registered ownership in Denmark, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
-
BREED GROUP
Sporting -
LIFE EXPECTANCY
10 - 12 years -
HEIGHT
53-61cm (1'9” - 2'0”) -
WEIGHT
25-36kg (55 - 80 lbs)
GERMAN SHEPHERD
Highly intelligent, easily trained and extremely loyal, this breed thrives on having a job to do. This breed is the second most popular breed in the world as it also makes an excellent companion with its affectionate nature to its family.
-
BREED GROUP
Herding -
LIFE EXPECTANCY
10 - 14 years -
HEIGHT
56-66cm (1'10” - 2'2”) -
WEIGHT
34-43kg (75 - 95 lbs)
GREYHOUND
Intelligent, friendly and perceptive of emotions, this breed is thought to have origins from the Middle East and North Africa. Despite their reputation for speed, these dogs are generally quite docile and calm.
-
BREED GROUP
Hound -
LIFE EXPECTANCY
12 - 15 years -
HEIGHT
63-76cm (2'1” - 2'6”) -
WEIGHT
23-39kg (50 - 85 lbs)
BEAGLE
Gentle and with a fun personality, the beagle can be mischievous but with training, make loyal companions. As a scent hound, they are inquisitive and regularly have their nose to the ground.
-
BREED GROUP
Hound -
LIFE EXPECTANCY
10 - 15 years -
HEIGHT
33-38cm (1'1” - 1'3”) -
WEIGHT
8-14kg (18 - 30 lbs)
ROTTWEILER
Calm, courageous and adaptable, this breed needs an assertive owner but is generally highly trainable and reliable. Originally bred as cattle herding dogs, these dogs can trace their origins back to the Romans.
-
BREED GROUP
Working -
LIFE EXPECTANCY
8 - 11 years -
HEIGHT
56-69cm (1'10” - 2'3”) -
WEIGHT
39-59kg (85 to 130 lbs)
SAINT BERNARD
Despite their size, these steady natured dogs are loving and gentle in temperament as they were originally bred as a hospice dog in Switzerland. Their reputation might be as a dog who can handle the cold but they are better suited to indoor life.
-
BREED GROUP
Working -
LIFE EXPECTANCY
8 - 10 years -
HEIGHT
66-76cm (2'2” - 2'6”) -
WEIGHT
54-82kg (120 - 180 lbs)
POMERANIAN
Although a small breed, these dogs are outgoing, inquisitive and always alert to its surroundings. Being such a small dog, these dogs are suited to apartment living but still enjoy a walk.
-
BREED GROUP
Companion -
LIFE EXPECTANCY
8 - 10 years -
HEIGHT
18-30cm (0'7” - 1'0”) -
WEIGHT
1-3kg (3 - 7 lbs)
POODLE
Considered to be one of the smartest breeds out there, the Poodle is loving, loyal and always has time for a game. Although they have a reputation for elegance, these dogs were originally bred as a water retrieving breed.
-
BREED GROUP
Companion -
LIFE EXPECTANCY
12 - 15 years -
HEIGHT
40-60cm (1'4” - 1'10”) -
WEIGHT
20-32kg (45 - 70 lbs)
PUG
Originating from China, pugs love to receive attention and have a playful nature making them perfect companion pets. They are low maintenance and are a good choice for those living in apartments.
-
BREED GROUP
Companion -
LIFE EXPECTANCY
12 - 15 years -
HEIGHT
25-36cm (0'10” - 1'2”) -
WEIGHT
6-8kg (14 - 18 lbs)
FRENCH BULLDOG
This breed takes well to training as it is very intelligent and loves to spend time with people. Despite the name, this breed actually originated in England as a toy version of the larger Bulldog.
-
BREED GROUP
Companion -
LIFE EXPECTANCY
11 - 14 years -
HEIGHT
28-31cm (0'11” - 1'0”) -
WEIGHT
7-13kg (16 - 28 lbs)
GOLDEN RETRIEVER
This breed was bred to work with people and as a result has a very calm nature and is always eager to please. Known for its playful personality, it is the fifth most popular breed in the world.
-
BREED GROUP
Sporting -
LIFE EXPECTANCY
10 - 12 years -
HEIGHT
53-61cm (1'9” - 2'0”) -
WEIGHT
25-34kg (55 - 75 lbs)
COCKER SPANIEL
Originating from Spain, this spaniel is playful and affectionate but always alert. They are the smallest member of the sporting group but have excellent obedience when trained correctly.
-
BREED GROUP
Sporting -
LIFE EXPECTANCY
12 - 15 years -
HEIGHT
36-38 cm (1'2” - 1'3”) -
WEIGHT
11-13kg (24 - 28 lbs)
MINIATURE POODLES
Highly intelligent and willing to please, this breed enjoys having a job to do to keep it occupied. Due to their small size, they make ideal dogs for apartment living and are great for first time dog owners.
-
BREED GROUP
Companion -
LIFE EXPECTANCY
12 - 15 years -
HEIGHT
28-36cm (0'11” - 1'2”) -
WEIGHT
7-8kg (15 - 17 lbs)
CAVALIER KING CHARLES SPANIELS
Friendly, easy to train and eager to please, this breed is known for always being good spirited. They are indoor dogs that enjoy being around people at all times.
-
BREED GROUP
Companion -
LIFE EXPECTANCY
9 - 15 years -
HEIGHT
31-33cm (1'0” - 1'1”) -
WEIGHT
6-8kg (13 - 18 lbs)
ENGLISH SPRINGER SPANIELS
Considered to have one of the best senses of smell in the canine world, English Springer Spaniels are easily trained and eager to please. Bred as a hunting dog, they are gentle in nature but very hardworking and love to be kept occupied with a job.
-
BREED GROUP
Sporting -
LIFE EXPECTANCY
9 - 15 years -
HEIGHT
46-56cm (1'6” - 1'10”) -
WEIGHT
20-25kg (45 - 55 lbs)
-
TEMPERAMENT REQUIREMENTS
- Gentle temperament
- Easily trainable
- Friendly
- Calm
- Patient -
AVERAGE LENGTH OF TRAINING
16 - 28
WEEKSThere are generally three stages:
- Therapy dog obedience test
- Therapy dog temperament test
- Volunteer handler test
-
WHAT THEY DO
These types of therapy dogs simply brighten people's spirit and help motivate people in their therapy
-
TEMPERAMENT REQUIREMENTS
- Gentle temperament
- Easily trainable
- Friendly
- Calm
- Patient -
AVERAGE LENGTH OF TRAINING
16 - 28
WEEKSThere are generally three stages:
- Therapy Dog Obedience test
- Therapy dog temperament test
- Volunteer handler test
-
WHAT THEY DO
Assists physical and occupational therapists by helping patients gain more motion in limbs and improve hand to eye coordination
-
TEMPERAMENT REQUIREMENTS
- Gentle temperament
- Easily trainable
- Friendly
- Calm
- Patient -
AVERAGE LENGTH OF TRAINING
16 - 28
WEEKSThere are generally three stages:
- Therapy Dog Obedience test
- Therapy dog temperament test
- Volunteer handler test
-
WHAT THEY DO
Assists physical and occupational therapists by helping patients gain more motion in limbs and improve hand to eye coordination
-
TEMPERAMENT REQUIREMENTS
- Easily trained
- Not easily distracted when working
- Friendly when not working
- Intelligent
-
AVERAGE LENGTH OF TRAINING
8 WEEKS -
18 MONTHS- Can take up to 1 and 1/2 years to be trained fully
-
WHAT THEY DO
Take commands from their owners who may have a visual impairment but will only action these commands when it is safe to do so
-
TEMPERAMENT REQUIREMENTS
- Reliable
- Easily trainable
- Friendly
- Responsive
- Not easily distracted when working -
AVERAGE LENGTH OF TRAINING
8 - 18
WEEKS -
WHAT THEY DO
These dogs are trained to alert their owners with hearing difficulties to sounds by use of physical touch and observation of where the dog is looking
-
TEMPERAMENT REQUIREMENTS
- Reliable
- Easily trainable
- Friendly
- Responsive -
AVERAGE LENGTH OF TRAINING
18 MONTHS
-
WHAT THEY DO
These dogs are trained to help those with mobility issues to get around and perform daily tasks such as:
- Opening doors
- Retrieving dropped items
- Assist with dressing/undressing
-
TEMPERAMENT REQUIREMENTS
- Excellent sense of smell
- Intelligence
- Responsive -
AVERAGE LENGTH OF TRAINING
18 MONTHS
-
WHAT THEY DO
medical assistance dogs can detect all sorts of things such as
- Oncoming seizures
- Allergy detection
- Alert to changing insulin levels
- Detect cancer
- Lessen the effects of anxiety disorders
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